Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of cases and controls groups among low and high adherence of DASH diet
| Control | Case | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low (n = 37) | High (n = 68) | P value | P value* | Low (n = 72) | High (n = 33) | P value | P value* | |
| Demographic characteristic | ||||||||
| Age (y) | 54.06 ± 6.555 | 56.12 ± 7.428 | 0.16 | – | 55.44 ± 7.082 | 54.76 ± 7.483 | 0.65 | – |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 12.58 ± 7.602 | 6.11 ± 5.097 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 15.56 ± 13.158 | 13.09 ± 10.001 | 0.34 | 0.34 |
| ACR | 19.65 ± 6.212 | 18.09 ± 5.766 | 0.20 | 0.07 | 239.74 ± 91.266 | 217.67 ± 145.891 | 0.35 | 0.42 |
| Diabetes duration (y) | 7.67 ± 2.111 | 7.49 ± 2.222 | 0.70 | 7.65 ± 2.184 | 7.50 ± 2.305 | 0.75 | ||
| Blood pressure | ||||||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 121.72 ± 16.554 | 133.00 ± 122.428 | 0.58 | 0.69 | 128.61 ± 16.597 | 123.64 ± 19.272 | 0.18 | 0.08 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 81.53 ± 13.064 | 79.25 ± 11.096 | 0.35 | 0.67 | 84.83 ± 14.064 | 78.33 ± 9.746 | 0.01 | 0.04 |
| Anthropometry characteristic | ||||||||
| Body weight (kg) | 69.686 ± 12.9626 | 72.722 ± 10.6348 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 73.561 ± 12.4596 | 72.182 ± 16.2292 | 0.64 | 0.63 |
| Height (cm) | 163.36 ± 4.673 | 159.93 ± 6.177 | 0.004 | < 0.001 | 160.35 ± 6.348 | 161.79 ± 6.294 | 0.28 | 0.36 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.028 ± 4.9568 | 28.367 ± 3.8442 | 0.009 | 0.07 | 28.586 ± 4.7848 | 28.356 ± 3.9868 | 0.81 | 0.79 |
| Blood parameters | ||||||||
| Hb (mg/dl) | 12.456 ± 1.2796 | 12.753 ± 1.1719 | 0.23 | 0.19 | 12.439 ± 1.3583 | 13.112 ± 1.3188 | 0.02 | 0.18 |
| FBS (mg/dl) | 161.92 ± 45.779 | 149.81 ± 44.668 | 0.19 | 0.57 | 168.71 ± 53.292 | 160.79 ± 47.320 | 0.47 | 0.03 |
| BS (mg/dl) | 217.22 ± 52.193 | 201.62 ± 55.460 | 0.16 | 0.36 | 220.26 ± 58.710 | 210.42 ± 43.663 | 0.39 | 0.07 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.44 ± 1.21 | 7.79 ± 1.28 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 8.74 ± 1.38 | 8.33 ± 1.44 | 0.17 | 0.02 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 180.69 ± 25.829 | 172.26 ± 35.373 | 0.21 | 0.39 | 187.83 ± 36.408 | 183.45 ± 41.200 | 0.59 | 0.87 |
| TG (mg/dl) | 164.31 ± 49.132 | 159.75 ± 61.630 | 0.70 | 0.87 | 163.83 ± 56.674 | 171.91 ± 81.388 | 0.56 | 0.41 |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 103.97 ± 29.577 | 89.10 ± 28.167 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 108.80 ± 33.345 | 103.73 ± 27.924 | 0.45 | 0.91 |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 46.00 ± 8.903 | 46.59 ± 9.553 | 0.76 | 0.93 | 44.88 ± 9.421 | 43.82 ± 8.041 | 0.58 | 0.87 |
| Cr (mg/dl) | 0.86 ± 0.14 | 0.87 ± 0.18 | 0.79 | 0.03 | 0.9480 ± 0.16718 | 0.8679 ± 0.14339 | 0.02 | 0.18 |
| BUN (mg/dl) | 16.50 ± 4.398 | 14.43 ± 3.374 | 0.009 | 0.007 | 15.67 ± 4.086 | 15.76 ± 5.657 | 0.93 | 0.89 |
| Qualitative variables | ||||||||
| PA (met-h/w) | ||||||||
| Low (> 600) | 13 (35.1) | 24 (64.9) | 0.79 | 20 (66.7) | 10 (33.3) | 0.89 | ||
| Moderate (600–3000) | 9 (29.6) | 19 (70.4) | 33 (67.5) | 13 (32.5) | ||||
| High (< 3000) | 15 (37.5) | 25 (62.5) | 19 (66.5) | 10 (34.5) | ||||
| Medical history | ||||||||
| Positive CVD history | 10 (43.5) | 13 (56.5) | 0.31 | 14 (63.6) | 8 (36.4) | 0.73 | ||
| Medication usage | ||||||||
| ARBs | 16 (35.6) | 29 (64.4) | 0.86 | 36 (64.3) | 20 (35.7) | 0.56 | ||
| ACEIs | 9 (45) | 11 (55) | 0.27 | 29 (67.4) | 14 (32.6) | 0.88 | ||
| Beta blockers | 7 (38.9) | 11 (61.1) | 0.67 | 13 (68.4) | 6 (31.6) | 0.36 | ||
| Metformin | 35 (34) | 68 (66) | 0.34 | 65 (66.3) | 33 (33.7) | 0.99 | ||
| sulfonylurea | 22 (36.1) | 39 (63.9) | 0.71 | 43 (65.2) | 23 (34.8) | 0.65 | ||
| Insulin | 12 (34.3) | 23 (65.7) | 0.96 | 20 (76.9) | 6 (23.1) | 0.19 | ||
Data are presented as mean ± SD or number (percent). Low and high adherence of median of DASH diet are shown
Independent sample T test and chi square were used
Significant items with a P value ≤ 0.05 are bolded
ACR Albumin creatinine ratio, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, BMI Body mass index, Hb Hemoglobin, FBS Fasting blood sugar, BS Blood sugar, TG Triglycerides, HDL High density lipoprotein, LDL Low density lipoprotein, CR Creatinine, BUN Blood urea nitrogen, CVD Cardiovascular disease, ARBs Angiotensin receptor blockers, ACEIs Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
*Adjusted for age, energy intake, physical activity