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. 2023 Feb 13;13:29. doi: 10.1186/s13578-023-00982-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — The morphology and anatomy of the X. tropicalis heart can be observed clearly using small animal echocardiography A: The cardiac images are obtained from the parasternal long-axis of X. tropicalis using small animal echocardiography. B: Representative image of the subcostal 3-chamber view of the X. tropicalis heart under B-mode echocardiography. Ventricle (V). Right atrium (R). Left atrium (L). Atrial septum (dashed line). C: Diagram showing the diastole end ventricular girth (dashed line). D: Diagram showing the diastole end ventricular length (a to b) and diastole end ventricular width (c to d). E: Representative image of pulsed-wave Doppler of the ventricle for hemodynamic analysis. Assessed area (dotted rectangle). F: Measurement of peak blood flow velocity and blood flow acceleration of the ventricle. Assessed area (dotted rectangle)