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. 2023 Feb 13;13:29. doi: 10.1186/s13578-023-00982-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — Histology analysis confirms the accuracy of echocardiography assessment for scar-free perfect regeneration of injured X. tropicalis hearts. A1: Representative H&E staining of the same-age nonapical resection group. A2: 3.3 × of dotted rectangle area. A3: 2 × of dotted rectangle area. B1: Representative H&E staining of the regenerated heart at 45 daar; echocardiography assessment identified regeneration in a scar-free perfect manner. B2: 3.3 × of dotted rectangle area. B3: 2 × of dotted rectangle area. C1: Representative Masson’s trichrome staining of the same-age nonapical resection group. C2: 3.3 × of dotted rectangle area. C3: 2 × of dotted rectangle area. D1: Representative Masson’s trichrome staining of a regenerated heart at 45 daar; echocardiography assessment identified regeneration in a scar-free perfect manner. D2: 3.3 × of dotted rectangle area. D3: 2 × of dotted rectangle area. The H&E staining showed that all the amputated areas were replaced by newly regenerated mature cardiomyocytes, as indicated by the regular striations, which were identical to normal control hearts. In addition, the epicardium had regenerated on the outer surface. Furthermore, Masson’s trichrome staining revealed that fibrotic structures were rarely observed in the fully regenerated myocardium and the epicardium, which had regenerated on the outer surface