Table 2.

The coronal, apical and axial deviation of four practice courses for three groups (Mean ± SD)

Numbe of exercises (times)	Coronal deviation (mm)				Apical deviation (mm)					Axial deviation (°)
	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3	P valuea	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3	p valuea	Multiple mean comparisonsb	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3	p valuea	Multiple mean comparisonsb
1–3 times	1.08 ± 0.37	0.95 ± 0.40	0.99 ± 0.28	0.671	1.05 ± 0.30	1.24 ± 0.27	1.23 ± 0.36	0.233	NS	2.16 ± 0.93	2.94 ± 0.76	3.30 ± 0.92	0.007	Group 1 < Group 3
4–6 times	0.76 ± 0.28	0.81 ± 0.29	0.89 ± 0.31	0.523	0.91 ± 0.18	0.97 ± 0.31	1.09 ± 0.35	0.313	NS	1.63 ± 0.83	1.97 ± 0.74	2.87 ± 0.66	< 0.001	Group 1 < Group 3 Group 2 < Group 3
7–9 times	0.90 ± 0.31	0.73 ± 0.11	0.91 ± 0.27	0.110	0.99 ± 0.26	0.92 ± 0.15	1.17 ± 0.22	0.015	Group 2 < Group 3	2.04 ± 0.83	1.74 ± 0.54	2.48 ± 0.93	0.068	NS
10–12 times	0.90 ± 0.19	0.73 ± 0.32	0.77 ± 0.25	0.244	1.04 ± 0.27	0.85 ± 0.33	0.95 ± 0.19	0.202	NS	1.96 ± 0.59	1.33 ± 0.84	1.93 ± 0.59	0.089	NS
p valuea	0.070	0.263	0.232		0.520	0.006	0.091			0.392	< 0.001	< 0.001
Multiple mean comparisonsb	NS	NS	NS		NS	1–3 times > 7–9 times 1–3 times > 10–12 times	NS			NS	1–3 times > 4–6 times 1–3 times > 7–9 times 1–3 times > 10–12 times	1–3 times > 10–12 times 4–6 times > 10–12 times

^aOne-way ANOVA (p < 0.05)

^bBonferroni method was used to compare the multiple means for homogeneity of variance; Multiple mean comparisons were performed using Tamhane's T2 test for heterogeneity of variance