Fig. 3.

Estimation of demographic parameters to show the time of goose domestication. A Four different demographic models and the corresponding log-likelihood values. SG_CG indicates the demographic inference of the swan geese and the Chinese domestic geese. GG_EG indicates the demographic inference of the greylag goose and European domestic geese. B Best-fit estimates of parameters for the Chinese domestic goose domestication model. C Best-fit estimates of parameters for the European domestic goose domestication model. The time units are years and migration event units are number of migrants per generation