Fig. 7. (a) The fraction of Pd NPs on the external surface for the fresh and used catalysts; number of particles distributed on the internal and external support surface of Pd@CMK3 in the (b) fresh state, (c) after reaction in the batch reactor and (d) after reaction in the fixed bed reactor. The inserted tables in (b)–(d) show the relative volume of Pd NPs with a certain volume range on the internal and external surfaces. The inserted histograms are closeup views of the limited data of particles with volume larger than 150 nm3.
