TABLE 1.
Baseline sample characteristics (China, 2011).
| Variable | M(SD) or N(%) |
|---|---|
| Age | 58.64 (8.69) |
| 45–59 years old(N = 1,318) | 52.37(4.41) |
| 60+ years old(N = 1,008) | 66.83(5.54) |
| Gender | |
| Male | 1,083 (46.60%) |
| Female | 1,243 (53.4%) |
| Education | |
| No formal education illiterate | 664 (28.50%) |
| Did not finish primary school but capable of reading or writing | 532 (22.90%) |
| Elementary school | 569 (24.50%) |
| Middle school | 381 (16.40%) |
| High school and above | 180 (7.70%) |
| Hukou | |
| Agricultural | 2011 (86.50%) |
| Non-agricultural | 307 (13.20%) |
| Unified residence | 8 (0.30%) |
| Marital status | |
| Married | 2083 (89.60%) |
| Not married | 243 (10.40%) |
| Health status and functioning | |
| Physical examination | |
| BMI | 23.23 (3.88) |
| Central obesity | |
| Yes | 520 (22.40%) |
| No | 1806 (77.60%) |
| Breath (vital capacity) | 257.24 (109.81) |
| Systolic | 128.97 (21.32) |
| Diastolic | 75.40 (12.33) |
| Pulse | 72.01 (10.26) |
| Vision | |
| Eyesight (close) | 3.85 (0.87) |
| Eyesight (distance) | 3.80 (0.94) |
| Hearing | 3.62 (0.89) |
| Tooth loss | |
| Yes | 188 (8.10%) |
| No | 2,138 (91.90%) |
| Chronic diseases | |
| Yes | 1,633 (70.20%) |
| No | 693 (29.80%) |
| Pain | |
| Yes | 854 (36.70) |
| No | 1,472 (63.30%) |
| Biomarkers | |
| HsCRP | 2.59 (6.58) |
| HbA1c | 5.25 (0.73) |
| Total cholesterol | 192.47 (37.43) |
| HDL cholesterol | 52.12 (15.10) |
| LDL cholesterol | 114.36 (34.16) |
| Triglycerides | 125.54 (90.27) |
| Glucose | 106.90 (32.12) |
| Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | 15.85 (4.73) |
| Uric acid | 4.51 (1.22) |
| Cystatin C | 1.02 (0.24) |
| Creatinine | 0.78 (0.18) |
| Life expectancy | 2.96 (1.03) |
| Functioning | |
| Functional limitations | 10.90 (4.13) |
| ADL | 4.57 (3.20) |
| IADL | 5.59 (1.72) |
| Emotional status | |
| Depression (CESD-10) | 8.86 (6.42) |
| High depression risk | |
| Yes | 821 (35.30%) |
| No | 1,505 (64.70%) |
| Lifestyle and behavior | |
| Night sleep (Hour) | 6.28 (1.938) |
| Nap time (Minute) | 31.27 (44.50) |
| Eating habits | 3.14 (0.40) |
| Smoking | |
| Yes | 876 (37.70%) |
| No | 1,450 (62.30%) |
| Drinking | |
| Yes | 764 (32.80%) |
| No | 1,562 (67.20%) |
| Physical activity | 2,589.33 (4578.68) |
| Energy consumption | 145495.67 (260370.71) |
| Social interaction | |
| Entertainment | 0.55 (0.72) |
| Service activities | 0.10 (0.33) |
| Other activities | 0.02 (0.5) |
| Cognitive function | |
| 2011Cognitive total score | 12.94 (5.95) |