. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 14.

Published in final edited form as: Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2017 Jul 19;26(9):1053–1060. doi: 10.1002/pds.4254

TABLE 3.

Comparison of high-risk opioid use patterns using Medicaid and prescription drug monitoring program data at patient and prescription level

Prescription Level	Medicaid Data Count (%) N = 506 196	PDMP Data Count (%) N = 555 103	PDMP/Medicaid Linked Data Count (%) N = 579 435

Opioid-opioid overlap	184 967 (36.5%)	204 507 (36.8%)	214 025 (36.9%)
Opioid-benzodiazepine overlap	64 823 (12.8%)	74 478 (13.4%)	77 756 (13.4%)
Multiple pharmacies	28 408 (5.6%)	38 864 (7%)	40 486 (7%)
Multiple prescribers	83 339 (16.5%)	97 699 (17.6%)	102 190 (17.6%)
Patient Level	Medicaid Data Count (%) N = 33 592	PDMP Data Count (%) N = 33 592	PDMP/Medicaid Linked Data Count (%) N = 33 592

Opioid-opioid overlap	18 246 (54.3%)	18 248 (54.3%)	18 938 (56.4%)
Opioid-benzodiazepine overlap	8795 (26.2%)	9353 (27.8%)	9469 (28.2%)
Multiple pharmacies	2047 (6.1%)	2434 (7.2%)	2593 (7.7%)
Multiple prescribers	6625 (19.7%)	7022 (20.9%)	7418 (22.1%)