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. 2023 Feb 14;8:18. doi: 10.1038/s41541-023-00610-4

Fig. 2. RBD nanoparticle demonstrates superior immunogenicity to Spike or monomeric RBD in mice.

Fig. 2

3-month-old BALB/c mice were injected with PBS or immunized with the indicated doses (0.3, 1, or 3 µg) of RBD, Spike, or RBD nanoparticle (RBD-NP) alone or formulated with AddaVax on Day 0 (prime) and 14 (boost). Anti-RBD IgG (a), IgG1 (b), and IgG2a (c) antibody titers were assessed in serum samples collected on Days 14 (pre-boost) and 28. Dotted lines indicate a lower limit of detection. N = 7–10 mice per group. * and ** respectively indicate p < 0.05 and 0.01 for comparisons among RBD, Spike, and RBD-NP in the same adjuvant formulation group (- AddaVax or + AddaVax). # and ## respectively indicate p < 0.05 and 0.01 for comparisons of the same antigen groups between the two adjuvant formulation groups (- AddaVax vs. + AddaVax). Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA corrected for multiple comparisons after Log-transformation of the raw data. The color code indicates comparisons among experimental groups. Box-and-whisker plots represent the minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum value. Each symbol represents an individual mouse. Source data are provided as Supplementary Data.