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. 2023 Feb 14;8:18. doi: 10.1038/s41541-023-00610-4

Fig. 4. CMS:O/W adjuvant enhances RBD nanoparticle immunogenicity in young and aged mice.

Fig. 4

Young (3-month-old, a–e) and aged (14-month-old, f–j) BALB/c mice were immunized on Day 0 (prime) and 14 (boost) with PBS, 0.3 µg of RBD nanoparticle (RBD-NP) alone or formulated with AddaVax, AddaS03, CMS:O/W adjuvant or AS01B. Serum samples were collected on Day 28 to assess anti-RBD IgG (a, f), IgG1 (b, g), IgG2a (c, h) antibody titers as well as anti-RBD neutralizing activity by surrogate (d, i) and conventional (e, j) virus neutralization tests. Dotted lines indicate lower limit of detection. N = 10 (a–i) or 5 (j) mice per group. * and ** respectively indicate p < 0.05 and 0.01. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA corrected for multiple comparisons. Data shown in (a–c, e, f–h, j) were Log-transformed before the analysis. The color code indicates comparisons among experimental groups. Box-and-whisker plots represent the minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum value. Each symbol represents an individual mouse. Source data are provided as Supplementary Data.