FIG 4.

Immune and inflammatory response markers in chicken and duck lungs and brains. mRNA expression levels of IFN-β, IFN-α, OAS, Mx, CCL5, and IL-8 in brain (A) and lung (B) samples, determined by RT-qPCR performed on total RNA. mRNA levels were normalized using the 2DD-CT method and expressed as fold changes over noninfected animals. Statistical analysis was performed using the two-tailed Mann-Whitney test. Results are expressed as means ± SEM. Ch, chicken; Du, duck; D1, day 1; D3, day 3; Mor, moribund; NI, noninfected; #, P < 0.05 compared with noninfected animals. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.