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. 2022 Dec 7;11(1):e03515-22. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03515-22

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Copyright © 2022 Wen et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

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FIG 3 — Enzyme activity and hydrolytic activity of VdGAL4. (A) α-Galactosidase activity of wild-type (WT) Verticillium dahliae strain Vd080, the two VdGAL4 deletion mutant strains (ΔVdGAL4-1 and ΔVdGAL4-2 strains), and the two VdGAL4 complement mutant strains (C-ΔVdGAL4-1 and C-ΔVdGAL4-2 deletion mutant strains). (B) Structural formulas of isomaltose and melibiose and the cleavage sites of α-1,6 glycosidic bonds of VdGAL4. (C, D) VdGAL4 hydrolyses isomaltose (C) and melibiose (D); the transparent circles of all tested strains were observed by iodine-KI staining solution. (E, F) Diameter of transparent circles on water agar medium amended with isomaltose (E) and melibiose (F). The error bar represents standard error of the mean. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.