Assays of the role of VdGAL4 in resistance to abiotic stresses. (A) WT, ΔVdGAL4, and C-ΔVdGAL4 strains were cultured at 25°C for 14 days in PDA medium supplemented with 0.002% SDS, 0.02% Congo red, 1 M sorbitol, 1 M KCl, and 1 M NaCl. (B) Relative growth inhibition rate of colony growth. (C) The colony morphology of the tested strains was cultured in PDA medium treated at 4°C, 16°C, 25°C, 28°C, 30°C, 33°C, or with 10 s UV for 14 days. (D) Conidia of the tested strains germinated at 45°C for an hour. Bar, 200 μm. (E to G) Relative growth inhibition rate of colony growth at 16°C (E), 28°C (F), and 30°C (G). (H) Relative growth inhibition rate of colony growth under UV irradiation. (I) Relative inhibition rate of conidial germination rate of the tested strains at 45°C. The error bar represents standard error of the mean. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.