FIG 1.

Maximum likelihood tree showing phylogenetic relationships between 87 clinical (human and animal infections) and environmental V. cholerae strains: O1 (n = 13), NOVC (n = 56), and publicly available (n = 18) V. cholerae strains with origin of isolates, source, year of collection (YI), serogroup and virulence genes, Vibrio pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (VPI-1 and -2), and Vibrio seventh-pandemic islands I and II (VSP-I and -II). Gene profiles were generated using iTOL (https://itol.embl.de/) and represented as a colored box for presence and a white box for absence. Strains sequenced in this study were noted with an asterisk (*). Description of origin, source, and year of isolation in red represents clinical samples, and that in green represents environmental samples.