FIG 5.

Screening of microbial biomarkers of the colon at the genus level. (A) Differential analysis of colon microbes at the genus level; (B and C) differential volcano map (x-axis coordinate, log₂ fold change [FC]; y-axis coordinate, adjusted P value). Each point in the graph represents an operational taxonomic unit (OTU), and the two lines parallel to the y axis represent FC = 2 and FC = −2. The dotted line parallel to the x axis represents −log₁₀ (0.05), and the points above the dotted line represent OTUs with significance at P < 0.05. For each OTU, when P is <0.05 and at an FC of ≥2, the OTU has an intergroup difference. (D and F) Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis representing differentially abundant taxa in the colon (CCo and MSCo and CCo and PMSCo); (E and G) LDA cladogram (CCo and MSCo and CCo and PMSCo); (H to M) differential expression of intestinal microbes: (H) Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, (I) Terrisporobacter, (J) Lactobacillus, (K) Lachnospiraceae, (L) Phascolarctobacterium, and (M) Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut group. Values are means ± SD. *, 0.01 < P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01. CCo, colon of the control; MSCo, colon of the mulberry silage group; PMSCo, colon of the paper mulberry silage group. There were 4 samples in colon per treatment (n = 4).