Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Participants (n = 1896) PRI ME Study, 2018
| Variables | Total Sample | Unvaccinated | Vaccinateda | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of prenatal visits (median IQR) | 8 (5–10) | 8 (5–10) | 9 (6–11) | .00 |
| Number of persons in household (median IQR) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | .61 |
| Gestational age in weeks at enrollment (median IQR) | 20.1 (14–25.9) | 20.4 (14–26) | 20 (14.3–25.6) | .73 |
| Prepregnancy BMI in kg/m2 (median IQR) | 24.7 (22.2–27.8) | 24.7 (22.2–27.7) | 24.7 (22.2–27.9) | .58 |
| Age (median IQR) | 29 (24–34) | 29 (24–34) | 28 (24–34) | .01 |
| Age Group, n (%) | .02 | |||
| 18 to 34 | 1466 (77.3) | 726 (75.1) | 740 (79.7) | |
| ≥35 | 430 (22.7) | 241 (24.8) | 189 (20.3) | |
| Education, n (%) | .99 | |||
| Up to secondary | 1008 (53.2) | 514 (53.2) | 494 (53.2) | |
| Postsecondary/University | 888 (46.8) | 453 (46.9) | 435 (46.8) | |
| Marital Status, n (%) | .90 | |||
| Married/living with partner | 1551 (81.8) | 790 (81.7) | 761 (81.9) | |
| Single/divorced/separated | 345 (18.2) | 177 (18.3) | 168 (18.1) | |
| Any underlying chronic condition, n (%) | 546 (28.8) | 284 (29.4) | 262 (28.2) | .57 |
| HIV | 9 (0.5) | 7 (0.7) | 2 (0.2) | .11 |
| Chronic respiratory condition | 82 (4.3) | 41 (4.2) | 41 (4.4) | .85 |
| Chronic blood condition | 48 (2.5) | 16 (1.7) | 32 (3.4) | .01 |
| Chronic endocrine condition | 141 (7.4) | 72 (7.5) | 69 (7.4) | .99 |
| Chronic heart condition | 49 (2.6) | 31 (3.2) | 18 (1.9) | .08 |
| Any other chronic conditionb | 325 (17.1) | 168 (17.4) | 157 (16.9) | .78 |
| Gestational Diabetes, n (%) | .43 | |||
| No | 1771 (93.4) | 899 (93.0) | 872 (93.9) | |
| Yes | 125 (6.6) | 68 (7.0) | 57 (6.1) | |
| Gestational Hypertension, n (%) | .41 | |||
| No | 1796 (94.7) | 912 (94.3) | 884 (95.2) | |
| Yes | 100 (5.3) | 55 (5.7) | 45 (4.8) | |
| Has Health Insurance, n (%) | .01 | |||
| No | 980 (51.9) | 472 (49.1) | 508 (54.9) | |
| Yes | 907 (48.1) | 490 (51.0) | 417 (45.1) | |
| Consumed Alcohol During Current Pregnancy, n (%) | .05 | |||
| No | 1248 (65.8) | 657 (67.9) | 591 (63.6) | |
| Yes | 648 (34.2) | 310 (32.1) | 338 (36.4) | |
| Smoked During Current Pregnancy, n (%) | .30 | |||
| No | 1800 (94.9) | 923 (95.5) | 877 (94.4) | |
| Yes | 96 (5.1) | 44 (4.5) | 52 (5.6) | |
| Monthly per Capita Incomec | .81 | |||
| Below poverty line | 1032 (54.4) | 529 (54.7) | 503 (54.1) | |
| Above poverty line | 864 (45.6) | 438 (45.3) | 426 (45.9) | |
| Total, n (%) | 1896 | 967 (51.0) | 929 (49.0) |
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; PRIME, Pregnancy and Influenza Multinational Epidemiologic.
We classified participants as vaccinated ≥14 days after they had received the 2018 influenza vaccine.
Examples include chronic kidney conditions, cancer, chronic liver conditions, neurologic/neuromuscular disorders, and immunosuppressive disorders.
Poverty line is defined as monthly income <338 soles. P values were obtained from χ2 tests for categorical variables and analogous univariate analysis of variance for continuous variables. P values compare participants who received the influenza vaccine and those who did not receive the vaccine.