Table 1.

Eligibility criteria for VR trial

Inclusion Criteria	Exclusion Criteria
1. Diagnosed with PBT (brain + spine disease permissible)	1. Lack of definitive tissue diagnosis (no past surgery or biopsy)
2. Enrolled on NHS trial at NIH	2. Recent cranial surgery ≤ 2 weeks prior to VR intervention
3. Age ≥ 18 years old	3. Scalp wound healing issues that might interfere with VR headset use
4. Able to understand & sign informed consent	4. Pre-existing diagnosis of epilepsy (prior to brain tumor diagnosis) or recent seizures ≤ 6 weeks prior to VR intervention
5. Can reliably self-report symptoms (based on clinician assessment)	5. Diagnosis of GAD, PTSD, claustrophobia, or panic disorder
6. Upcoming clinic or telehealth appointment with associated MRI scan	6. Hypersensitivity to motion or currently experiencing severe nausea
7. Reported distress ≥ 1 on past symptom questionnaires	7. Visual deficits, including hemianopsia, diplopia, and agnosia, that may interfere with VR experience

Abbreviations: PBT: primary brain tumor; NHS: Natural History Study; NIH: National Institutes of Health; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; VR: virtual reality; GAD: generalized anxiety disorder; PTSD: post-traumatic stress disorder