Fig 3. TRPV1 agonists do not elicit Ca²⁺ influx in rat aortic VSMCs.

Intracellular calcium time courses in primary VSMCs under serum starvation (A, C, E, G) or with normal FBS supplementation (B, D, F, H) and prolonged exposure to TRPV1 agonists are presented as mean ± SD. Cells were exposed to extracellular solution (A, B), capsaicin 10 μmol/L (C, D), evodiamine 1 μmol/L (E, F) and resiniferatoxin 1 μmol/L (G, H) for 15 minutes, and calcium influx was measured as described in Materials and Methods. A control application of ionomycin 2 μmol/L at the end of each protocol served as a technical positive control. The number of cells is indicated by “n”.