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. 2023 Feb 7;2023:6483785. doi: 10.1155/2023/6483785

Table 3.

Effects of ipratropium bromide and combined intervention on mental condition of COPD patients.

Group Cases (n) HAMA HAMD
BT AT BT AT
Control 20 15.6 ± 4.24 15.3 ± 3.24f 14.6 ± 3.40 13.3 ± 2.82cf
Ipratropium bromide 24 16.0 ± 4.57 7.65 ± 3.50ad 14.9 ± 4.15 8.64 ± 2.36ad
Combined intervention 24 15.4 ± 4.15 6.37 ± 2.15bd 13.9 ± 3.25 8.12 ± 2.06ad

BT, before treatment; AT, after treatment; compared with the control group, aP < 0.05, bP < 0.01; compared with itself before treatment, cP < 0.05, dP < 0.01; compared with the ipratropium bromide group, fP < 0.01.