Figure 3.

Temporal distribution of the mtDNA lineages across four steppe- and cold-adapted rodent species (a). Circles represent medians and whiskers are the 95% HPDs of the specimen ages estimated using the tip-dating approach; squares represent medians of the calibrated radiocarbon ages with 95.4% probability ranges. In the case of narrow-headed vole data from the present-day western France, where lineage EF was present continuously, was omitted. The phylogenetic relationships between the presented mtDNA lineages are shown in figure 2b. Data for the collared lemming are from [8,9] and for the common vole from [12]. The oxygen isotope record (δ¹⁸O V-SMOW) from the Greenland Ice cores (GICC05) [62] is given on the right side. Green stripes denote the main interstadials identified from the palynological records within the last 50 kyr (H-C: Hengelo-Charbon; D-G: Denekamp-Grand Bois; B-A: Bølling–Allerød). (b) Geographical ranges of the mtDNA lineages presented in (a). Nearby localities were merged for better visibility.