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. 2022 Dec 27;29(3):941–956. doi: 10.1111/cns.14030

FIGURE 6.

FIGURE 6

α‐Asarone improves KAT/MAS integration against KYN insult. (A) ROS and 8‐OHdG levels, PARP1 activity, NAD+/NADH ratio in gastrocnemius muscle. (B) ROS and 8‐OHdG levels, PARP1 activity, NAD+/NADH ratio in myoblasts. (C) Mitochondrial mass in myoblasts staining with NAO (10 μM), scale bar = 10 μm or 5 μm. (D) Schematic representation of MAS. (E) Gene expression involved in MAS. (F) Gene expression in myoblasts with siNrf1. (G) KYN and KYNA levels in myoblasts in the presence of AOA (100 μM). (H) KYN and KYNA levels in myoblasts with siSlc25a11 or siSlc25a12. (KYN, 10 μM; NAC, 5 mM; NMN, 100 μM; N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine, NAC; β‐nicotinamide mononucleotide, NMN; aminooxyacetic acid, AOA). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, where n = 5, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared with KYN.