FIGURE 1.

Effect of different foods on the intestinal microenvironment. Consumption of sweetened processed snacks such as chocolate, candy, beverages, doughnuts, cheese, and high-fat, high-protein foods (burgers, pizza, and red meat) causes upregulation of the IBD-related inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-β, thus increasing the risk of intestinal inflammation. Consumption of vegetables, fruits, roughage, tea, nuts, olive oil, fish and yogurt increases the expression of SCFAs and polyphenols, and powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities can help maintain intestinal microecological balance. The image created with BioRender.com.