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. 2022 Nov 21;19(2):177–183. doi: 10.1038/s41567-022-01822-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 1 — a, Single planes from spinning disc confocal microscopy images of optically cleared organoids stained for DNA, anti-ZO1, and anti-PODXL. b, Examples of untreated and RA-treated organoids at Day 4. Surface representations show organoid outer boundary (magenta, transparent) and apical surfaces (green). c, Schematic representation of an organoid cross section, describing the relation between the organoid outer boundary (magenta), apical surfaces (green), lobule boundary (dotted lines), cell nuclei (blue), and passages (red arrow). d, Genus of the largest lobule in each organoid. e, Shape diagram of individual lobules found in multiple organoids. Lumen volume is indicated by colour. Solid line: spherocylinders. Dashed line: wiffle ball. Panels b through c show data from the same n=45 untreated and n=27 RA-treated organoids as in Fig. 1.