Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of demographics and comorbidities associated with major depressive disorders in the inflammatory bowel disease-rheumatoid arthritis cohort, national inpatient sample year 2000 to 2019
| Variables |
Univariate analysis
|
Multivariate analysis
|
||
|
Unadjusted odds ratio1 (95%CI)
|
P
value
|
Adjusted odds ratio2 (95%CI)
|
P
value
|
|
| Gender, Female vs Male | 1.533 (1.424–1.651) | < 0.0001 | 1.518 (1.463-1.575) | < 0.0001 |
| Age groups (yr) | ||||
| < 18 | 0.380 (0.153–0.944) | 0.0371 | 0.793 (0.523-1.203) | 0.2842 |
| 18-44 | 1.320 (1.214-1.434) | < 0.0001 | 1.888 (1.790-1.991) | < 0.0001 |
| 45-64 | 1.418 (1.321-1.521) | < 0.0001 | 1.693 (1.625-1.764) | < 0.0001 |
| 65-84 | Reference | NA | Reference | NA |
| ≥ 85 | 0.773 (0.649-0.920) | 0.0037 | 0.749 (0.688-0.814) | < 0.0001 |
| Race | ||||
| White | 1.500 (1.338-1.682) | < 0.0001 | 1.830 (1.728-1.939) | < 0.0001 |
| Black | Reference | NA | Reference | NA |
| Hispanic | 1.193 (0.993-1.434) | 0.0598 | 1.391 (1.272-1.521) | < 0.0001 |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 0.720 (0.441-1.174) | 0.1876 | 0.856 (0.679-1.078) | 0.1876 |
| Native American | 1.029 (0.616-1.720) | 0.9120 | 0.937 (0.733-1.198) | 0.6120 |
| Other | 1.109 (0.959-1.282) | 0.1627 | 1.456 (1.351-1.568) | < 0.0001 |
| Primary payer status | ||||
| Medicare | Reference | NA | Reference | NA |
| Medicaid | 1.327 (1.205-1.462) | < 0.0001 | 1.043 (0.99-1.10) | 0.1148 |
| Private | 0.911 (0.850-0.977) | 0.0085 | 0.774 (0.744-0.805) | < 0.0001 |
| Self-Pay | 1.035 (0.831-1.289) | 0.7616 | 0.892 (0.800-0.994) | 0.0382 |
| No charge | 0.853 (0.398-1.827) | 0.6825 | 0.698 (0.485-1.005) | 0.0555 |
| Other | 1.069 (0.871-1.311) | 0.5255 | 0.974 (0.88-1.077) | 0.5930 |
| Median socioeconomic status by national quartiles | ||||
| 0-25 | Reference | NA | Reference | NA |
| 25-50 | 1.006 (0.923-1.097) | 0.8836 | 1.031 (0.988-1.075) | 0.1595 |
| 50-75 | 1.026 (0.943-1.117) | 0.5455 | 1.071 (1.025-1.118) | 0.0019 |
| 75-100 | 0.890 (0.814-0.972) | 0.0095 | 0.998 (0.952-1.045) | 0.9323 |
| Other | 0.664 (0.505-0.873) | 0.0034 | 0.697 (0.61-0.795) | < 0.0001 |
| Hospital bed size | ||||
| Small | Reference | NA | Reference | NA |
| Medium | 1.061 (0.967-1.164) | 0.2109 | 0.956 (0.913-1.002) | 0.0585 |
| Large | 0.936 (0.873-1.005) | 0.0669 | 0.926 (0.888-0.966) | 0.0004 |
| Location/teaching status of the hospital | ||||
| Rural | Reference | NA | Reference | NA |
| Urban nonteaching | 1.028 (0.917-1.152) | 0.6376 | 0.994 (0.938-1.054) | 0.8450 |
| Urban teaching | 1.253 (1.172-1.339) | < 0.0001 | 1.235 (1.168-1.306) | < 0.0001 |
| Hospital region | ||||
| Northeast | Reference | NA | Reference | NA |
| Midwest or North Central | 1.312 (1.199-1.437) | < 0.0001 | 1.223 (1.162-1.286) | < 0.0001 |
| South | 1.124 (1.031-1.225) | 0.0078 | 1.083 (1.032-1.137) | 0.0015 |
| West | 1.179 (1.065-1.306) | 0.0015 | 1.148 (1.085-1.213) | < 0.0001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Liver disease, mild | 1.401 (1.251-1.569) | < 0.0001 | 1.156 (1.091-1.224) | < 0.0001 |
| Liver disease, moderate to severe | 1.206 (0.867-1.677) | 0.2655 | 0.976 (0.827-1.152) | 0.7708 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 1.532 (1.247-1.881) | < 0.0001 | 1.254 (1.133-1.387) | < 0.0001 |
| Esophageal disorders | 1.684 (1.582-1.792) | < 0.0001 | 1.528 (1.481-1.576) | < 0.0001 |
| Gastritis | 1.236 (1.063-1.436) | 0.0059 | 1.096 (1.018-1.18) | 0.0145 |
| Diabetes mellitus with chronic complications | 1.326 (1.181-1.489) | < 0.0001 | 1.201 (1.131-1.274) | < 0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus without chronic complications | 1.033 (0.946-1.128) | 0.4688 | 1.064 (1.018-1.113) | 0.0059 |
| Hypertension | 1.082 (1.018-1.151) | 0.0115 | 1.091 (1.055-1.128) | < 0.0001 |
| Heart Failure | 0.922 (0.839-1.014) | 0.0943 | 1.005 (0.955-1.058) | 0.8505 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.858 (0.787-0.936) | 0.0005 | 0.901 (0.861-0.944) | < 0.0001 |
| Cardiac dysrhythmias | 0.811 (0.742-0.887 | < 0.0001 | 0.884 (0.844-0.925) | < 0.0001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 0.703 (0.512-0.965) | 0.0295 | 0.684 (0.587-0.797) | < 0.0001 |
| Stroke | 0.604 (0.443-0.825) | 0.0015 | 0.564 (0.484-0.656) | < 0.0001 |
| Iron Deficiency Anemia | 1.009 (0.908-1.122) | 0.8635 | 1.017 (0.966-1.071) | 0.5143 |
| Nutritional deficiencies | 1.539 (1.344-1.762) | < 0.0001 | 1.282 (1.199-1.37) | < 0.0001 |
| Lipid Metabolism disorders | 1.210 (1.130-1.296) | < 0.0001 | 1.192 (1.15-1.237) | < 0.0001 |
| Thyroid disorders | 1.327 (1.231-1.430) | < 0.0001 | 1.247 (1.201-1.295) | < 0.0001 |
| Chronic Pancreatitis | 1.788 (1.415-2.259) | < 0.0001 | 1.356 (1.207-1.524) | < 0.0001 |
| Renal failure, moderate | 1.026 (0.919-1.145) | 0.6530 | 1.04 (0.981-1.102) | 0.1839 |
| Renal failure, severe | 1.072 (0.897-1.282) | 0.4445 | 1.117 (1.02-1.223) | 0.0172 |
| Menopausal disorders | 1.716 (1.211-2.432) | 0.0024 | 1.433 (1.206-1.702) | < 0.0001 |
| Osteoporosis | 1.280 (1.171-1.399) | < 0.0001 | 1.21 (1.157-1.265) | < 0.0001 |
| Osteoarthritis | 1.287 (1.187-1.395) | < 0.0001 | 1.215 (1.167-1.264) | < 0.0001 |
| Obesity | 1.500 (1.377-1.635) | < 0.0001 | 1.228 (1.176-1.283) | < 0.0001 |
| Weight Loss | 1.253 (0.964-1.628 | 0.0913 | 1.212 (1.067-1.378) | 0.0032 |
| Protein-calorie malnutrition | 1.162 (1.045-1.291) | 0.0054 | 1.103 (1.047-1.162) | 0.0002 |
| Leukemia | 0.980 (0.643-1.492) | 0.9237 | 1.05 (0.856-1.288) | 0.6351 |
| Lymphoma | 0.875 (0.610-1.255) | 0.4685 | 1.014 (0.852-1.207) | 0.8744 |
| Metastatic cancer | 0.975 (0.744-1.277) | 0.8532 | 1.095 (0.948-1.265) | 0.2168 |
| Solid tumor without metastasis, malignant | 0.917 (0.775-1.085) | 0.3140 | 0.944 (0.863-1.034) | 0.2131 |
| Paralysis | 1.391 (1.110-1.744) | 0.0042 | 1.48 (1.32-1.659) | < 0.0001 |
| Dementia | 1.601 (1.344-1.908) | < 0.0001 | 2.082 (1.906-2.274) | < 0.0001 |
| AIDS | 0.866 (0.422-1.776) | 0.6938 | 0.826 (0.58-1.178) | 0.2847 |
| Smoking | 1.410 (1.325-1.502) | < 0.0001 | 1.231 (1.193-1.271) | < 0.0001 |
| Alcohol | 2.296 (1.922-2.743) | < 0.0001 | 2.109 (1.927-2.308) | < 0.0001 |
| Opioids | 2.430 (2.128-2.774) | < 0.0001 | 2.009 (1.882-2.145) | < 0.0001 |
1
Univariate analysis is performed with logistic regression.
2
Multivariate analysis is performed with weighted multi-level mixed effect models.
NA: No application; AIDS: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.