TABLE 1.

Parameter estimates for mixed models analyzing the effect of climatic zones, season, migration, and diet on GM alpha diversity.

Response	Predictor	Estimate	Standard error	Z statistic	P-value
Shannon	(Intercept)	1.5683	0.2763	5.6760	0.0000
	Tropical (Dry S.)	−0.0740	0.1273	−0.5814	0.5609
	Temperate (Trans Saharan)	−0.3434	0.1425	−2.4089	0.0160
	Temperate (Resid, Short)	−0.2890	0.1429	−2.0217	0.0432
	Diet	0.3273	0.2013	1.6259	0.1040
Observed	(Intercept)	4.2685	0.5167	8.2611	0.0000
	Tropical (Dry S.)	−0.2183	0.2444	−0.8933	0.3717
	Temperate (Trans Saharan)	−0.8621	0.2857	−3.0181	0.0025
	Temperate (Resid, Short)	−0.7914	0.2884	−2.7440	0.0061
	Diet	0.9590	0.4001	2.3968	0.0165
Phylog. div	(Intercept)	2.1131	0.1850	11.4198	0.0000
	Tropical (Dry S.)	−0.1130	0.0875	−1.2908	0.1968
	Temperate (Trans Saharan)	−0.3605	0.1016	−3.5497	0.0004
	Temperate (Resid, Short)	−0.2979	0.1014	−2.9390	0.0033
	Diet	0.3564	0.1419	2.5114	0.0120

Three alpha diversity measures (Shannon diversity, number of observed OTUs and phylogenetic diversity) were used as a response.

Parameter estimates, standard error, z statistics and corresponding p-values associated with individual models are shown in the table. All models included species identity as a random factors and estimated phylogenetic correlation among species.