TABLE 1.

Carbon utilization sources for diverse Arsenophonus strains as estimated from biolog plate analysis: A. nasoniae aNv_FIN, A. nasoniae aPv (from P. vindemmiae), Arsenophonus sp. strain aPb (from P. bellargus).

	A. nasoniae strain aNv_FIN	A. nasoniae strain aPv	Arsenophonus sp. strain aPb	Arsenophonus apicola ArsBeeUS
D-glucose	+++	+++	+++	+++
D-mannose	+++	–	+++	+++
D-fructose	+++	+++	+++	+++
N-acetyl glucosamine	+++	+++	+++	+++
D-glucose-6-PO4	+++	+++	–	+++
D-fructose-6-PO4	+++	+++	–	+++
L-malic acid	+++	+++	–	+++
D-malic acid	–	–	–	+++
Bromo-succinic acid	+++	++	–	+++
D-gluconic acid	–	–	+++	+++
Glucoronamide	–	–	–	++
Methylpyruvate	++	–	+++	+++
L-aspartic acid	–	–	+++	+++
L-glutamic acid	++	–	+++	++
α-keto-glutaric-acid	++	–	–	+++
α-keto-butyric-acid	++	–	–	++
α-hydroxy-butyric-acid	–	–	–	++
Acetic acid	–	–	+++	–
L-serine	–	–	+++	–
Glycyl-L-proline	–	–	++	–
Acetoacetic acid	–	–	–	++

Data from A. apicola are given for comparison. −, no growth with this carbon source; +, very weak growth; ++, weak growth; +++, growth equivalent to full media. The following carbon sources were not utilized by any of the strains: Dextrin, D-maltose, D-Trehalose, D-Cellobiose, Gentiobiose, Sucrose, D-Turanose, Stachyose, D-raffinose, α-D-lactose, D-melibiose, B-Methyl-D-Glucoside, D-Salicin, N-Acetyl-B-D-Mannosamine, N-Acetyl-D-Galactosamine, N-Acetyl Neuraminic Acid, D-Galactose, 3-Methyl Glucose, D-Fucose, L-Fucose, L-Rhamnose, Inosine, D-sorbitol, D-mannitol, D-Arabitol, myo-inositol, Glycerol, D-Aspartic Acid, D-Serine, Gelatin, L-Alanine, L-Arginine. L-Histidine, L-Pyroglutamic Acid, Pectin, D-Galacturonic acid, L-Galactonic Acid Lactone, D-Glucuronic Acid, Mucic Acid, Quinic Acid, D-Saccharic Acid, p-hydroxy phenyl acetic acid, D-Lactic Acid Methyl Ester, Citric Acid, Tween-40, gamma-Amino-Butryric acid, B-Hydroxy-D-L-Butyric Acid, Propionic Acid, Formic Acid.