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. 2023 Feb 1;14:1113560. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1113560

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Copyright © 2023 Huang, He, Liu, He, Gu, Liu, Liu, Luo and Ju

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The figure shows some important mechanisms in the differentiation process of Treg and Th17, as well as the interaction between them. TGF-β plays an important role in the differentiation of Treg and Th17. IL-21 and IL-6 could inhibit the differentiation of Treg while promoting the differentiation of Th17. IL-10 secreted by Treg can inhibit the effect of IL-6. Treg regulates Th17 differentiation through the inhibitory effect of Foxp3 on RORγt, and the inhibitory effect of Foxp3 on RORγt is inhibited by IL-6. Treg, regulatory T cells; Th17, T helper cells 17; TGF-β, transforming growth factor–β; IL-21, interleukin-21; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-10, interleukin-10; Foxp3, forkhead box protein 3; RORγt, receptor-related orphan receptor γt.