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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Health Place. 2022 Dec 10;79:102943. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102943

Table 3.

Association between walking (mediator) and cognitive function (outcome) (N = 814).

Model 1
B (S.E.)		 Model 2
B (S.E.)		 Model 3a
B (S.E.)		 Model 4b
B (S.E.)
Walking (steps/day) 0.0003
(0.00005)*** 		0.0001
(0.00005)* 		0.0001
(0.00005)* 		0.0001
(0.00005)*
Age: 75–84 year
(ref. = age: 65–74 years)		 −1.174
(0.33)*** 		−1.236
(0.316)*** 		−1.17
(0.335)***
Age: ≥ 85 year
(ref. = age: 65–74 years)		 −4.540
(0.484)*** 		−3.733
(0.498)*** 		−4.643
(0.490)***
Education: 12–15 years
(ref. = education: < 12 years)		 1.718
(1.277)		 3.195
(1.464)* 		1.692
(1.271)
Education: > 15 years
(ref. = education: < 12 years)		 3.216
(1.262)* 		4.562
(1.442)** 		3.187
(1.256)*
Non-Hispanic White
(ref. = Hispanic or non-White)		 1.285
(0.481)** 		0.845
(0.472)		 1.277
(0.479)**
Male
(ref. = female)		 −0.635
(0.308)* 		−0.594
(0.296)* 		−0.571
(0.309)
Perceived walkability 0.107
(0.100)
Objective walkability −0.005
(0.002)

S.E. = standard error, ref. = reference category.

*

p < 0.05,

**

p < 0.01,

***

p<0.001

a

Sample size for models 3 is 680.

b

Sample size for models 4 is 799.