Fig. 16.

a Schematic of a DLD pillar array where particle trajectories follow a laminar flow in either zigzag mode (red) or bumping mode (blue). Only particles above a critical diameter will be displaced at the maximum angle by the bumping mode. b Scanning electron microscope image of the sorting array with separation 25 nm and row-to-row shift of 400 nm. c Microscopy images showing the device sections and continuous separation of 50-nm (yellow) and 110-nm (blue) beads, where the larger beads have been displaced to the right. Reprinted by permission from [30], Springer Nature, Nature Nanotechnology, Copyright 2016