Table 4.

Analysis of assessment scores by measurement time in the Fast Recovery era

Assessment	Scale	Good score		Time point		p-value
			N	Pre-operative	Six-week review
Katz IADL (% scoring 6*)	0–6	High	33	33 (100%)	NA**	NA**
Fried scale score	0–5	Low	10	0 (0–2)	2 (0–3)	0.289
Lawton ADL (% scoring 8*)	0–8	High	26	22 (85%)	24 (92%)	0.844
Clinical frailty scale	1–9	Low	26	2.4 ± 1.2	2.9 ± 1.0	0.030
Edmonton frail scale	0–18	Low	10	0 (0–2)	2 (1–2)	0.395
Mini nutritional assessment	0–14	High	10	11 (7–12)	9 (7–11)	0.180
MoCA score	0–30	High	18	26 (23–27)	26 (25–28)	0.100
Hand grip strength	Kg	High	20	31.9 ± 10.8	30.0 ± 9.2	0.211
Short physical performance (% scoring 12*)	0–12	High	22	15 (68%)	11 (50%)	0.215
Six-minute walk test	Metres	High	20	414 ± 133	390 ± 141	1.000

Only those patients with data recorded for the assessment at both time points were included in the analysis. Data are reported as median (interquartile range) or as mean ± standard deviation, unless stated otherwise, with p-values from Wilcoxon’s signed ranks tests. Bold p-values are significant at p < 0.05

^*The majority of the cohort scored the maximum number of points pre-operatively; hence, the proportion of cases with this score is reported to allow clearer comparison between time points; however, the p-values are based on the actual observed values

^**Katz IADL was originally planned to be assessed at the six-week review. However, it was dropped from the review after the study commenced since it was felt to be unnecessarily cumbersome, and all patients had achieved the maximum score at the pre-operative assessment