Table 1.
Participant Characteristics (X ± SD).
| Total sample (n = 475) | Model development (n = 380) | Model validation (n = 95) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women (n = 259) | Men (n = 216) | Women (n = 212) | Men (n = 168) | Women (n = 47) | Men (n = 48) | |
| Age (years) | 49.3 ± 18.2 | 49.6 ± 18.1 | 49.7 ± 18.0 | 49.5 ± 18.2 | 47.3 ± 18.8 | 50.1 ± 18.2 |
| 18–39 (N) | 96 | 73 | 76 | 58 | 20 | 15 |
| 40–59 (N) | 58 | 63 | 50 | 48 | 8 | 15 |
| > 60 (N) | 105 | 80 | 86 | 62 | 19 | 18 |
| Height (cm) | 165.8 ± 6.8 | 178.8 ± 6.3 | 165.7 ± 6.9 | 179.0 ± 6.5 | 166.2 ± 6.3 | 178.1 ± 5.6 |
| Weight (kg) | 69.1 ± 13.0 | 85.1 ± 12.7 | 69.3 ± 13.3 | 84.9 ± 13.0 | 68.1 ± 11.7 | 85.6 ± 11.9 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.1 ± 4.2 | 26.6 ± 3.5 | 25.2 ± 4.2 | 26.4 ± 3.4 | 24.6 ± 4.2 | 27.0 ± 3.8 |
| UW (N) | 6 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| NW (N) | 144 | 74 | 116 | 57 | 28 | 17 |
| OW (N) | 70 | 104 | 59 | 83 | 11 | 21 |
| OB (N) | 39 | 36 | 33 | 26 | 6 | 10 |
| MRI SM (kg) | ||||||
| Total | 20.0 ± 3.1 | 30.8 ± 4.3 | 19.9 ± 3.1 | 30.8 ± 4.5 | 20.1 ± 3.2 | 30.9 ± 3.9 |
| Arms | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 4.5 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 4.5 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 4.5 ± 0.7 |
| Legs | 10.1 ± 1.8 | 14.9 ± 2.3 | 10.1 ± 1.8 | 14.9 ± 2.3 | 10.2 ± 1.6 | 14.9 ± 2.2 |
| ALM | 12.7 ± 2.2 | 19.4 ± 2.9 | 12.7 ± 2.2 | 19.4 ± 3.0 | 12.8 ± 2.1 | 19.4 ± 2.8 |
| Trunk | 7.3 ± 1.2 | 11.4 ± 1.8 | 7.3 ± 1.2 | 11.4 ± 1.9 | 7.3 ± 1.5 | 11.5 ± 1.4 |
| DXA lean (kg) | ||||||
| Total | 44.5 ± 5.9 | 64.3 ± 7.2 | 44.5 ± 6.0 | 64.1 ± 7.5 | 44.7 ± 5.8 | 65.1 ± 6.3 |
| Arms | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 7.5 ± 1.1 | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 7.5 ± 1.1 | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 7.7 ± 1.0 |
| Legs | 14.4 ± 2.5 | 20.4 ± 2.8 | 14.4 ± 2.6 | 20.4 ± 2.8 | 14.4 ± 2.3 | 20.6 ± 2.5 |
| ALM | 18.6 ± 3.2 | 28.0 ± 3.7 | 18.6 ± 3.3 | 27.9 ± 3.8 | 18.6 ± 2.9 | 28.3 ± 3.3 |
| Trunk | 24.3 ± 3.9 | 34.5 ± 4.6 | 24.3 ± 3.9 | 34.4 ± 4.8 | 24.5 ± 3.9 | 34.9 ± 4.2 |
ALM appendicular lean mass, BMI body mass index, DXA dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, N number, SM skeletal muscle, UW, NW, OW, OB are underweight (BMI, < 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (> 30 kg/m2).