Table 7.
Univariate and multivariate Cox regression on rejection episode.
| Characteristic | Univariate model | Multivariate model without eye drop | Multivariate model with eye drop | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR1 | 95% CI1 | p-value | HR1 | 95% CI1 | p-value | HR1 | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Surgical procedure | |||||||||
| [A] PK | 19.0 | 2.60, 139 | < 0.001 | 13.6 | 1.83, 101 | 0.001 | 12.3 | 1.64, 92.1 | 0.003 |
| [B] DSAEK | 9.66 | 1.30, 72.0 | 7.77 | 1.03, 58.6 | 6.82 | 0.90, 51.8 | |||
| [C] nDSAEK | 8.71 | 1.12, 67.6 | 7.64 | 0.98, 59.6 | 7.55 | 0.96, 59.3 | |||
| [D] DMEK | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – | |||
| Age | 0.72 | 0.58, 0.90 | 0.005 | 0.77 | 0.62, 0.96 | 0.023 | 0.78 | 0.62, 0.97 | 0.032 |
| Sex | |||||||||
| [1] Male | 1.00 | – | 0.235 | ||||||
| [2] Female | 0.74 | 0.46, 1.21 | |||||||
| Hypertension | 0.92 | 0.48, 1.76 | 0.805 | ||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.12 | 0.55, 2.26 | 0.756 | ||||||
| Herpetic keratitis | 1.84 | 0.79, 4.27 | 0.189 | ||||||
| Glaucoma and surgery | |||||||||
| [1] No glaucoma | 1.00 | – | 0.203 | ||||||
| [2] Glaucoma without surgery | 0.55 | 0.17, 1.77 | |||||||
| [3] Glaucoma with surgery | 1.44 | 0.82, 2.51 | |||||||
| Prior keratoplasty in opposite eye | |||||||||
| [1] No/unknown | 1.00 | – | 0.147 | ||||||
| [2] Yes | 1.50 | 0.88, 2.57 | |||||||
| Indication—[01] Failed keratoplasty | 1.95 | 1.17, 3.24 | 0.014 | 1.92 | 1.13, 3.25 | 0.019 | 1.73 | 1.01, 2.96 | 0.052 |
| Indication—[02] ALI | 0.61 | 0.29, 1.29 | 0.171 | ||||||
| Indication—[03] PBK | 0.39 | 0.12, 1.26 | 0.068 | ||||||
| Indication—[04] Glaucoma surgery | 0.89 | 0.38, 2.06 | 0.782 | ||||||
| Indication—[05] Corneal opacity | 1.76 | 0.84, 3.71 | 0.163 | ||||||
| Indication—[06] FED | 0.39 | 0.10, 1.60 | 0.127 | ||||||
| Indication—[07] XFS | 0.49 | 0.07, 3.57 | 0.432 | ||||||
| Indication—[08] Keratoconus | 1.93 | 0.70, 5.31 | 0.248 | ||||||
| Indication—[09] Perforation | 0.85 | 0.12, 6.11 | 0.866 | ||||||
| Indication—[10] Infection | 4.24 | 1.54, 11.7 | 0.021 | 3.60 | 1.23, 10.5 | 0.043 | 2.86 | 0.96, 8.48 | 0.092 |
| Indication—[11] CMV corneal endotheliitis | 0.00 | Not estimable | 0.131 | ||||||
| Indication—[12] Corneal dystrophy/degeneration | 0.94 | 0.13, 6.81 | 0.954 | ||||||
| Indication—[13] ICE | 0.00 | Not estimable | 0.372 | ||||||
| Indication—[14] Others | 0.61 | 0.22, 1.68 | 0.306 | ||||||
| Simple vs. combined surgery | |||||||||
| [1] Simple keratoplasty | 1.00 | – | 0.433 | ||||||
| [2] Combined keratoplasty | 0.76 | 0.38, 1.54 | |||||||
| Graft size | |||||||||
| [1] 4.0–< 7.8 mm | 1.00 | – | 0.277 | ||||||
| [2] 7.6– < 8.1 mm | 0.58 | 0.34, 0.99 | |||||||
| [3] 8.1–< 9.0 mm | 0.77 | 0.29, 2.02 | |||||||
| [4] Unknown | 0.68 | 0.21, 2.28 | |||||||
| Eye drop at rejection (or last visit) | |||||||||
| [1] No | 1.00 | – | < 0.001 | 1.00 | – | 0.019 | |||
| [2] Fluorometholone | 1.00 | 0.46, 2.17 | 1.37 | 0.63, 3.00 | |||||
| [3] Betamethasone | 2.99 | 1.34, 6.66 | 2.68 | 1.19, 6.04 | |||||
1HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval.
ALI argon laser iridotomy, CMV cytomegalovirus, DALK deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty, DMEK descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty, (n)DSAEK (non-)descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty, FED Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy, ICE iridocorneal endothelial syndrome, PBK pseudophakic bullous keratopathy, PK penetrating keratoplasty, XFS exfoliation syndrome.
Significant values are given in bold.