Figure 7.

Evaluation of the osteoinduction activities and immune rejection of the bioprinted periodontal module. A) Flowchart of constructing the periodontal module complex. B) Surgical procedure (black asterisk: transplanted periodontal module) and X‐ray image of the periodontal defect (yellow arrow) after surgery on day 0. C) The number of WBCs in routine blood tests before and after surgery (black dotted lines: the normal range). D) The content of ALB and E) CREA in serum biochemical analysis of liver and kidney function before and after surgery. F) ELISA results of complement C3 and immunoglobulin IgA content in serum. G) Micro‐CT scanning of the periodontal defect 3 months after transplantation (red dotted line: defect area; blank dotted line: the boundary of new bone; blue dotted line: natural bone height). H) Quantitative analysis of BV/TV and Tb.Th at 3 months postsurgery based on micro‐CT scanning. (BV/TV: *p = 0.0301; Tb.Th: *p = 0.0280). (Two‐sided comparison, error bars represent standard deviation, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001).