Stimulation of prefrontal cortex neurons drives oligodendrocyte differentiation. a) Representative immunostaining of CC1 and Olig2 in the corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 50 µm. b) Proportion of CC1+/Olig2+ cells in the corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 5 per group. Density of c) CC1+Olig2+ cells and d) CC1−Olig2+ cells in the corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 5 per group. e) Representative immunostaining of CC1 and Olig2 in the corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 50 µm. f) Proportion of CC1+/Olig2+ cells in the corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 5 per group. Density of g) CC1+Olig2+ cells and h) CC1−Olig2+ cells in the corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 5 per group. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. p‐values were determined by 1‐way ANOVA with Tukey's post‐hoc analysis in (b–d) and (f–h). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.