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. 2023 Feb 14;14:832. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36544-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a The percentage relative increase in R² of X-Wing PRS over PRS-CSx. The dashed line represents the average increase. A list of trait acronyms can be found in Supplementary Data 5. b Comparison of R² for linearly combined PRS with mixing weights obtained using GWAS summary statistics and individual-level data. The X-axis represents the R² using weights estimated from individual-level data, while the Y-axis shows the R² using summary statistics-based weights. The dashed line represents the diagonal line of y = x. c The percentage relative increase in R² of X-Wing PRS over PRS-CSx using GWAS summary statistics. PRS-CSx PRS is calculated based on European posterior mean effects. The dashed line represents the average increase.