Table 2. Right atrial volume-based functional properties in healthy cases with different maximum right atrial dimensions as assessed by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography.
| Variables | Vmax <30 mL (n=19) | 30 mL ≤ Vmax ≤60 mL (n=129) | Vmax >60 mL (n=31) |
|---|---|---|---|
| TASV (mL) | 12.2±3.5 | 19.2±7.5* | 33.6±9.6*† |
| TASV-indexed (mL/m2) | 6.5±2.1 | 10.4±4.3* | 17.8±5.3*† |
| TASV (males) (mL) | 12.3±3.2 | 19.8±7.2* | 35.3±7.6*† |
| TASV-indexed (males) (mL/m2) | 6.3±1.9 | 9.7±3.8* | 17.6±3.8*† |
| TASV (females) (mL) | 12.0±4.3 | 18.5±7.8* | 31.5±11.4*† |
| TASV-indexed (females) (mL/m2) | 7.0±2.4 | 11.0±4.6* | 18.0±6.6*† |
| PASV (mL) | 7.6±3.9 | 11.9±6.0* | 23.2±9.6*† |
| PASV-indexed (mL/m2) | 4.1±2.0 | 6.4±3.3* | 12.5±5.3*† |
| PASV (males) (mL) | 8.0±3.8 | 12.6±5.8* | 23.7±9.2*† |
| PASV-indexed (males) (mL/m2) | 4.2±1.8 | 6.1±3.0 | 12.1±4.9*† |
| PASV (females) (mL) | 6.8±4.3 | 11.2±6.2 | 22.6±10.4*† |
| PASV-indexed (females) (mL/m2) | 4.0±2.5 | 6.7±3.6 | 12.9±6.0*† |
| AASV (mL) | 4.7±2.1 | 7.3±4.4* | 10.3±5.2*† |
| AASV-indexed (mL/m2) | 2.4±1.3 | 4.0±2.6* | 5.3±2.7*† |
| AASV (males) (mL) | 4.4±2.5 | 7.3±4.3* | 11.6±5.7*† |
| AASV-indexed (males) (mL/m2) | 2.1±1.5 | 3.7±2.3* | 5.5±3.0*† |
| AASV (females) (mL) | 5.2±0.9 | 7.3±4.4 | 8.9±4.1* |
| AASV-indexed (females) (mL/m2) | 3.0±0.6 | 4.3±2.8 | 5.0±2.4 |
| TAEF (%) | 46.1±12.2 | 43.0±13.9 | 47.1±11.6 |
| TAEF (males) (%) | 47.6±11.0 | 44.6±13.6 | 49.0±10.5 |
| TAEF (females) (%) | 42.9±15.0 | 41.5±14.2 | 44.7±12.8 |
| PAEF (%) | 28.9±15.1 | 26.5±12.2 | 32.5±12.6† |
| PAEF (males) (%) | 31.0±15.2 | 28.0±11.8 | 32.9±12.4 |
| PAEF (females) (%) | 24.3±15.3 | 25.1±12.5 | 32.0±13.3 |
| AAEF (%) | 23.9±7.9 | 22.7±12.5 | 21.6±9.3 |
| AAEF (males) (%) | 23.3±8.9 | 23.3±12.6 | 23.8±10.5 |
| AAEF (females) (%) | 25.3±5.6 | 22.2±12.4 | 18.8±7.1 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. *, P<0.05 vs. Vmax <30 mL; †, P<0.05 vs. 30 mL ≤ Vmax ≤60 mL. Vmax, maximum right atrial volume; AASV, active atrial stroke volume; PASV, passive atrial stroke volume; TASV, total atrial stroke volume; AAEF, active atrial emptying fraction; PAEF, passive atrial emptying fraction; TAEF, total atrial emptying fraction.