Table 1.
Percentage of total cancer mortality associated with less-than-higher educational level in European regions, by sex, for the last period of observation.
| North % (95% CI) | West/South % (95% CI) | Baltic/Central/East % (95% CI) | All % (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A) Men | ||||
| Total cancer | 23.8 (22.6, 24.9) | 22.0 (21.0, 22.8) | 45.5 (44.6, 46.0) | 32.2 (31.5, 32.6) |
| Lung | 46.5 (44.6, 48.6) | 30.7 (29.1, 32.3) | 61.1 (60.0, 62.2) | 45.9 (44.9, 46.7) |
| Pharynx | 45.4 (33.2, 57.4) | 49.7 (45.9, 53.5) | 71.9 (69.5, 74.3) | 61.8 (59.6, 63.9) |
| Larynx | 75.4 (57.4, 94.1) | 53.6 (48.4, 58.8) | 79.4 (76.6, 82.1) | 67.2 (64.3, 70.0) |
| Oesophagus | 31.0 (20.1, 41.9) | 30.9 (26.2, 35.5) | 63.6 (60.0, 67.3) | 44.8 (41.8, 47.7) |
| Colorectum | 14.1 (9.8, 18.4) | 14.2 (11.2, 17.1) | 37.1 (34.9, 39.2) | 24.9 (23.1, 26.5) |
| Stomach | 31.9 (25.2, 38.6) | 37.3 (33.2, 41.2) | 45.9 (43.0, 48.8) | 41.3 (39.0, 43.6) |
| Liver | 28.5 (19.4, 37.9) | 25.3 (21.2, 29.5) | 41.7 (37.3, 46.1) | 30.8 (27.9, 33.9) |
| Prostate | 9.2 (4.4, 13.9) | 12.3 (8.1, 16.5) | 25.1 (21.8, 28.2) | 17.3 (15.0, 19.7) |
| Bladder | 32.5 (17.5, 47.2) | 20.6 (15.8, 25.4) | 42.7 (39.0, 46.5) | 30.1 (27.0, 33.3) |
| Kidney | 26.4 (16.7, 36.3) | 7.1 (0.6, 13.4) | 32.8 (28.6, 36.9) | 22.2 (18.7, 25.7) |
| Leukemia | 11.2 (−0.9, 23.5) | 9.7 (3.5, 15.9) | 22.3 (17.1, 27.6) | 15.6 (11.7, 19.6) |
| B) Women | ||||
| Total cancer | 20.3 (18.9, 21.6) | 4.9 (3.0, 6.7) | 23.8 (22.2, 25.1) | 15.9 (14.8, 16.8) |
| Lung | 43.6 (41.1, 46.2) | −3.6 (−8.6, 1.4) | 25.4 (21.9, 29.0) | 20.3 (18.0, 22.7) |
| Pharynx | 12.1 (−17.2, 41.4) | 8.8 (−7.5, 25.3) | 44.7 (34.2, 55.4) | 27.5 (18.4, 36.5) |
| Larynx | 71.8 (11.4, 132.1) | 22.1 (−10.6, 55.3) | 44.8 (22.0, 67.8) | 37.5 (19.1, 55.8) |
| Oesophagus | 31.1 (8.6, 54.1) | 9.4 (−6.9, 26.0) | 45.3 (30.8, 60.0) | 26.1 (15.5, 37.1) |
| Colorectum | 16.7 (11.3, 21.9) | 8.9 (3.3, 14.5) | 24.6 (20.1, 29.0) | 17.4 (14.2, 20.5) |
| Stomach | 24.3 (13.8, 34.8) | 24.1 (15.2, 33.1) | 42.1 (36.5, 47.7) | 33.5 (28.8, 38.4) |
| Liver | 41.5 (27.9, 55.3) | 25.4 (15.3, 35.6) | 32.9 (23.5, 42.6) | 29.3 (22.5, 36.1) |
| Cervix | 43.2 (26.0, 60.3) | 42.4 (32.7, 52.4) | 53.7 (48.5, 59.0) | 50.4 (45.9, 55.0) |
| Kidney | 32.8 (18.5, 46.9) | 9.0 (−5.2, 23.2) | 35.0 (25.7, 44.3) | 26.0 (18.5, 33.4) |
| Uterus | 3.9 (−40.4, 47.7) | 10.6 (−6.5, 27.6) | 45.2 (29.6, 60.7) | 26.3 (14.9, 37.7) |
| Corpus uteri | 14.1 (−1.1, 29.2) | 22.1 (10.7, 33.3) | 24.2 (14.9, 33.4) | 22.7 (15.8, 29.5) |
Footnote: We have assumed a counterfactual scenario, based on the concept of plausible minimal risk, where all educational groups (lower- and intermediate-education) have the same level of risk of cancer death as the most educated group, within each age group.