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. 2023 Jan 13;42(4):e110620. doi: 10.15252/embj.2022110620

Figure EV1. Stimulation of PPP is responsible for chemoresistance in GR cells.

Figure EV1

  1. Relative mRNA expression levels of DHODH, UMPS, CTPS1, CTPS2, TYMS, IMPDH1, ADSL, ATIC, PFAS, and PRPS1 in WT and GR cells (upper: T24, lower: UMUC3). The data are shown as the mean values ± SEs (n = 3, biological replicates) and were analyzed by Student's t‐test, and plotted relative to expression levels in WT cells. *P ≤ 0.05, ***P ≤ 0.001. n.s., non‐significant.
  2. Simple schematic of the glycolytic pathway and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Glucose flux into the PPP results in increased nucleotide biosynthesis, including purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis. Mizoribine inhibits purine biosynthesis.
  3. The viability of WT and GR cells was evaluated by WST assays under treatment with gemcitabine (GEM), mizoribine, or GEM with mizoribine. The data are shown as the mean values ± SDs (n = 3, biological replicates). Comparisons were made with respect to the corresponding controls or the indicated groups, followed by Student's t‐test. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. n.s., non‐significant.
  4. Bar graph showing the viability of cells exposed to various concentrations of GEM for 48 h and treated with DMSO (GR cells) or 10 μM dC (WT cells) (left: T24 cells; right: UMUC3 cells). The data are shown as the mean values ± SDs (n = 3, biological replicates) and were analyzed by Student's t‐test. n.s., non‐significant.