Table 1.

Demographic characteristics and comorbidity of surgical patients in Canada and the USA

	Hip fracture repair			Colectomy			Pancreatectomy			Spine Surgery
	Canada (N = 21,166)	US (N = 73,817)	P-value	Canada (N = 21,276)	US (N = 218,307)	P-value	Canada (N = 873)	US (N = 12,078)	P-value	Canada (N = 14,088)	US (N = 252,029)	P-value
Age, years, mean (SD)	82.3	81.0	< 0.001	66.01 (14.1)	61.82 (14.9)	< 0.001	62.23 (13.8)	61.75 (14.1)	0.334	58.75 (14.8)	59.12 (14.0)	0.002
Female, (%)	68.8	69.6	0.023	47.6	52.4	< 0.001	55.6	55.6	0.74	45.2	48.1	< 0.001
ASA Class, (%)			< 0.001			< 0.001			< 0.001			< 0.001
1,2	14.9	17.9		39.7	43.3		25.8	29.1		42.2	50.8
3	55.8	64.5		49.8	51.5		59.0	66.3		51.8	46.7
4,5	29.3	17.6		10.5	5.2		15.2	4.6		6.4	2.5
Functional status, (%)			< 0.001			< 0.001			0.712			< 0.001
Independent	73.7	79.5		98.3	97.3		99.3	99.1		97.3	97.9
Partially dependent	21.1	17.5		1.6	2.2		0.7	0.8		2.5	1.9
Totally dependent	5.3	3.0		0.2	0.5		0.0	0.1		0.2	0.2	< 0.001
Tobacco use, (%)	11.6	12.2	0.016	15.9	16.8	< 0.001	15.4	16.9	0.252	21.9	20.7	< 0.001
Congestive heart failure, (%)	3.6	3.7	0.373	0.8	1.1	< 0.001	0.2	0.1	0.269	0.1	0.4	< 0.001
COPD, (%)	10.2	11.1	< 0.001	4.6	4.5	0.545	4.0	4.4	0.628	3.3	4.5	< 0.001
Hypertension, (%)	60.5	67.7	< 0.001	44.1	48.7	< 0.001	42.6	52.1	< 0.001	39.3	52.9	< 0.001
Diabetes, (%)			< 0.001			< 0.001			< 0.001			< 0.001
None	83.8	81.2		83.9	84.1		79.2	74.5		86.3	81.3
Oral medication	10.7	10.5		12.1	10.6		15.0	14.1		10.1	12.3
Insulin	5.5	8.3		4.0	5.3		5.8	11.4		3.7	6.4
Inpatient (%)	99.4	99.7	< 0.001	99.2	99.0	0.018	99.8	99.6	0.358	84.2	65.5	< 0.001