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. 2023 Jan 31;11(2):113. doi: 10.21037/atm-22-6338

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2023 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

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GDNF expressions (stained by immunohistochemistry) in the multiple brain regions in the asthmatic rats. Red box indicated the areas of positive immunoreactive cells. (A) GDNF expressions in MeA; (B) GDNF expressions in cortex; (C) GDNF expressions in PVN; (D) GDNF expressions in NTS. GDNF positive immunoreactive substances were brownish-yellow staining. GDNF, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor; MeA, medial amygdala; PVN, paraventricular nucleus; 3V, third ventricle; CC, central canal; NTS, nucleus of solitary tract.