Table 2.

Boston criteria for blunt cerebrovascular injury.

First tier	Second tier
Skull base fractures: petrous and basilar fractures Any cervical spine fractures Cervical spine injury (cord, vertebral body, or ligaments) Soft-tissue injury to anterior neck with swelling/ecchymosis/hematoma/or bruit Significant neurologic deficit: lateralizing neurologic deficit, TIA, Horner syndrome Evidence of brain infarct on CT	Diffuse axonal injury Complex faccil fractures with midface instability Combined significant head and chest trauma Near-hanging Seat belt abrasions on neck Other unexplained neurologic deficits: certigo, tinnitus, or GCS ≤ 6

First tier criteria: CTA screening on presentation.

Second tier criteria: CTA sccreening within 24–48 h of presentation.

Abbreviations

ISS Injury Severity Score.

GCS Glasgow Coma Scale.

TAE Transcatheter Arterial Embolization.

GOS Glasgow Outcome Scale.

This table: Denver grade.

GradeI Irregularity of the vessel wall or lumen stenosis<25 %.

GradeII Intimal flap or lumen stenosis>25 %.

GradeIII Pseudoaneurysm.

GradeIV Vessel occlusion.

GradeV Complete transection of the artery.