Table 2.

Measurements of contrafreeloading (ratio mixed/free food, ratio mixed/free food consumption), foraging behavior (foraging, litter area), and behavior of hens in the feeding area (time at feeding area, activity around feeder) (LS-means, n = 288) differing in phylogenetic origin (PO) and laying performance (LP).

Effect		Ratio mixed/free food (%)1	Ratio mixed/free food consumption (%)2	Foraging (%)3	Litter area (%)4	Time at feeding area (min/h)5	Activity around feeder (n)6
PO	Brown	11.3	19.3	10.1b	63.5a	7.7	41.0
	White	16.0	14.7	14.7a	56.5b	7.4	41.7
	SEMd	2.3	2.2	0.7	2.2	0.2	1.1
	P value	0.155	0.151	<0.001	0.026	0.240	0.665
LP	High	8.7b	12.0b	9.1b	51.9b	6.7b	34.3b
	Low	18.5a	21.9a	15.6a	68.1a	8.4a	48.4a
	SEMd	2.3	2.2	0.7	2.2	0.2	1.1
	P value	0.004	0.004	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
LP (PO)	Brown-high	6.7	12.8	7.9b	55.7	7.4b	38.3b
	Brown-low	15.8	25.8	12.2a	71.3	8.1ab	43.8b
	White-high	10.7	11.3	10.4b	48.1	6.0c	30.3c
	White-low	21.3	18.0	19.1a	64.8	8.8a	53.1a
	SEMd	4.6	4.5	1.5	4.4	0.4	2.2
	P value	0.814	0.319	0.044	0.858	0.003	<0.001

¹The number of hens observed at either of the 2 troughs were expressed as the percentage of hens at mixed food in relation to hens at free food.

²The consumption of mixed and free food was expressed as the ratio mixed/free food consumption.

³The number of hens scratching or pecking in the litter area.

⁴The number of hens in the litter area.

⁵Time (minutes) a hen was registered by the antenna at the food trough per hour. In case of time intervals less than 2.5 s this was counted as the same stay.

⁶Frequency of changes across the antenna area (feeder area). A change was defined as 2 registrations by the antenna with a time interval of more than 2.5 s between registrations.

^a,b,cDifferent small letters indicate significant differences (P ≤ 0.05).

^dStandard error of the mean.