Table:

Challenges for conducting RCTs during the COVID-119 pandemic, responses of the Urinary Stone Disease Research Network (USDRN) to mitigate the impact of COVID-19, and the implications for future trials.

National, State, and Institutional Restrictions	USDRN Responses	Implications for Future Trials
Study visits Study coordinator availability Clinical activity Hesitation from patients	1) Lower barriers to participation   a. Remote consent process   b. Remote randomization   c. Embedding research in clinical care   d. Reduced number of study procedures and tests 2) Expand geographic pool of participants   a. Incentivizing referrals   b. New network partnerships   c. Publicizing the RCT through professional organizations, webinars, and presentations	Study participants who are more representative of the population Increased engagement of the clinical community in research Faster accrual More appealing for patients to participate in an RCT