Table 2.
Proximate nutritional, mineral, and phytochemical profile of whole, naked, and sprouted oats
| Nutrient/component | Whole oats | Naked oats | Sprouted oats | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moisture | 11.95% | 8.5–9.8% | - | [35, 36] |
| Ash | - | 1.2–1.3% | - | [36] |
| Carbohydrates | 53.35%; 55.75% | 72.6–74.3% | - | [34–36] |
| Proteins | 8.35–17.72%; 182.9 mg/g | 11.9–15.8% | 10.7% | [35, 38, 45] |
| Fats | 7.88%; 6.91% | 5.91–7.87%; 6.7–10.3% | - | [34, 36, 38, 42] |
| Oleic acid/oil | 30.7–32.2%; 45–53%; 33.5–36.7% | - | - | [40–42] |
| Palmitic acid/oil | 21.4–22.7%; 12–16%; 15.3–17.8% | - | - | |
| Linoleic acid/oil | 34.6–38.2; 36–42%; 36.2–38.7% | - | - | |
| Fiber | 13.65%; | 2.1–3.5% | - | [34, 36] |
| Magnesium | 2.89–7.62 mg/L; 115 mg/100 g; 1193.90–1352.88 mg/kg; 1166–1486 mg/kg | 62.4–89.1 mg/100 g DM | - | [34–36, 44, 45] |
| Manganese | 0.93–3.71 mg/L; 115 mg/100 g; 34.03–42.31 mg/kg; 30.0–49.3 mg/kg | - | - | [34, 35, 44, 45] |
| Sodium | 3.71–8.03 mg/L; 177.08–249.97 mg/kg | - | - | [35, 44] |
| Copper | 0.35–3.36 mg/L; 4.75–5.75 mg/kg | 0.2–0.4 mg/100 g DM | - | [35, 36, 44] |
| Iron | 2.15–6.82 mg/L; 9.23 mg/100 g; 45.58–63.84 mg/kg; 33.5–48.9 mg/kg | 2.5–3.0 mg/100 g DM | - | [34–36, 44, 45] |
| Zinc | 1.30–3.37 mg/L; 8.3 mg/100 g; 22.22–28.44 mg/kg | 1.6–2.0 mg/100 g DM | - | [35, 36, 38, 44] |
| Potassium | 50.70–59.60 mg/L; 337 mg/100 g; 3937.18–4645.44 mg/kg | 241.7–258.3 mg/100 g DM | - | [34–36, 44] |
| Calcium | 60.13 mg/100 g; 898.62–967.72 mg/kg | 44.0–102.7 mg/100 g DM | - | [34, 36, 44] |
| Phosphorous | 474.06 mg/100 g; 2342.40–3303.93 mg/kg | - | - | [34, 44] |
| Total soluble sugars | 5.3% | - | - | [38] |
| Starch | 494.3 mg/g | - | - | |
| Oxalates | - | 28.2–71.4 mg/100 g DM | - | [36] |
| Phytates | - | 269.6–293.0 mg/100 g DM | - | |
| Tannins | - | 38.8–51.5 mg/100 g DM | - | |
| Beta glucan | - | - | 2.1% | [43] |
| Thiamine | - | - | 687.1 mcg/100 g | |
| Riboflavin | - | - | 218.4 mcg/100 g | |
| Gamma amino-butyric acid | - | - | 54.9 mcg/100 g | |
| Antioxidants | - | - | 1744.3 mg TE/100 g | |
| Free phenolic | - | - | 507.4 mg GA/100 g |