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. 2023 Feb 11;16:100502. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100502

Table 1.

Features of the 14 reported cases of M. xenopi spinal infections.

Ref Age(y)/sex Site of infection Predisposing factors Underlying diseases Presenting symptoms biomarker MT QFT Histopathologic Acid-fast staining Time to
species
identification		 Medical therapy
(duration in months)		 surgery Outcome
[5] 44/M T9/10 HIV, Kaposi's sarcoma (not on HAART) coronary artery
bypass graf		 Chest pain and notalgia(1d) / / − / / / CCR, R, E, MXF No unkown
[6] 55/F L3 systemic lupus
erythematosus
(15y,prednisolone 5 mg daily.)		 None left loin pain, nausea
and weight loss.
1y)		 ESR:55 mm/h − / Granuloma − 4 m
  • 1.

    E(2 m), R, I(16 m)

  • 2.

    S, I, R, P(2 m)

 No
  • 1.

    Persistence of infection

  • 2.

    Clinical and radiographic improvement
[7] 28/M T10 HIV None back pain(10y), nocturnal awakening, sweating, weight loss, fever
(3y)		 CRP:38 mg/L, WBC:13.7/nL,
ESR:40 mm/h,
CD4T-cell:400cells/mm3
CD4/CD8:0.5		 / / Granuloma − / Rfb, I, E, CCR(6 m) Yes Clinical and radiographic improvement
[8] 75/F T6/7 None None back pain and night sweats.(6w) ESR:79 mm/h − / Granuloma + 8w
  • 1.

    R, P，I，E(2 m)

  • 2.

    R, E(22 m)

 Yes 1.Clinical improvement
2.Clinical and radiographic improvement
[9] 33/M T11/12 HIV, CD4 count was
20 cells/mm3 		primary Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia back pain and night sweats(2 m) WBC:14.86*109/L;
NE:11.56*109/L; ESR:18 mm/h; CD4:490cells/mm3 		/ / Granuloma + / R, E, I(6 m) No Clinical and radiographic improvement
[10] 56/F T8/9 SLE(20y);low-dose corticosteroids and azathio
prine.		 / Left shoulder pain and notalgia(2 m) ESR:31 mm/h / / without granuloma / 7 W I, CCR, C(9 m) No Clinical and radiographic improvement
[11] 70/F T3/4 / Hypertensie cardiovascular disease; II diabetes mellitus;
Radical left mastectomy		 Back pain;
weakness of both legs(6w)		 WBC:5700/mm − / Granuloma − /
  • 1.

    R, P, I(4 m)

  • 2.

    R, P, I, CCR, E(4 m)

  • 3.

    P, I, CCR, E(4 m)

  • 4.

    Continue the 3 program for a total of 2 years.

 Yes
  • 1.

    Radiographic improvement

  • 2.

    No clinical change

  • 3.

    Radiographic improvement4.no record
[12] 46//F T8/9 SLE(15); prednisolone (10 mg daily) pyelonephritis of the right kidney,mitral valve insufficiency and aphasia Skelasthenia, walking disorder and notalgia(10 m) ESR: 27 mm/h; CRP:49.7 mg/L / − Granuloma − 37d E, Rfb, A(5 m) Yes Clinical and radiographic improvement
[13] 77/F L1/2 Her husband had tuberculosis
40 years previously.		 hypertension lower back pain radiating to the right buttock. (5y) ESR:54 mm/h / / / − 2 m
  • 1.

    R, I, P和E(2 m);

  • 2.

    R, I, P, E, C(1y，it,s planned to continue these for 2 years.

 No
  • 1.

    Clinical improvement;

  • 2.

    Clinical improvement
[14] 42/M T7/8 HIV Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia flflaccid paralysis of both legs(2w) CD4:41/mm3 − / without granuloma − 6w
  • 1.

    R, I, P, E(2 m)；

  • 2.

    I, E, CCR, Rfb(unkown)

 No
  • 1.

    Clinical and radiographic improvement2.Unkown
[15] 61/M L3/4 a history of L3-L4 and L4-L5 percutaneous nucleotomy performed 15 years earlier (in 1992) None pain in the low back and
left buttock.
(6 m)		 Normal − / Granuloma + 8w
  • 1.

    CCR, R, E(4 m)。

  • 2.

    CCR, R(14 m)。

 No 1.Clinical and radiographic improvement2.Recovery
[16] 28/M L4/5 percutaneous nucleotomy as treatment of sciatica at the L5 level due to a herniated disk at the L4-L5 level before a month lumbar spine pain ESR:32 mm/h
CRP:10 mg/L
WBC:7500/mm		 + / Granuloma / 2 m
  • 1.

    R, E, I, P(2 m)

  • 2.

    Pe, CCR, E(18 m)

 No 1.Persistence of infection；
2.Recovery
[17] 30/F T10/11 SLE(15);prednisone(15 mg daily) None Back pain ESR:30 mm/h + / / + 4w I, R, E, P(18 m) Yes 1.Clinical and radiographic improvement；
2. relapsed after 9 mo off treatment;
Clinical improvementwith debridement
and antituberculous medication。
[18] 63/M T12/L1 A needle biopsywas performed at T12-L1 before 10 years T12-L1nondisplaced fracture;
myocardial infarction.		 back pain
(20y)		 / − / without ganuloma / 6w Le, R, E, CCR(10.5 m) Yes Persistence of infection；

Note:clarithromycin(CCR), rifabutin(Rfb), rifampicin(R), isoniazid(I), ethambutol(E), pyrazinamide(P), streptomycin(S), ciprofloxacin(C), pefloxacin(Pe), moxifloxacin(MXF), levofloxacin(Le), azithromycin(A).

MT: Mantoux test; QFT:Quantiferon test for TB.

-: Negative; +: positive; /:no record.

d: day; m: month; y:year.