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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Res. 2022 Aug 27;214(Pt 4):114215. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114215

Table 3:

Risk ratio estimates for low birthweight by paternal PBB/PCB tertiles, dichotomized at 25th percentile for birthweight (<3232 grams)

PBB exposure level (range in ppb)
(n=below/above cut point and total)
Unadjusted RR (95% CI) for
birthweight <3232 grams1
Adjusted RR (95% CI) for
birthweight <3232 grams2
Adjusted RR (95% CI) for
birthweight <3232 grams
including BMI4
PBB Tertile 1 (<LOD-3.0) (n=23/97, 120) 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (referent)
PBB Tertile 2 (4.0-8.0) (n=28/70, 98) 1.62 (0.86, 3.03) 1.67 (0.93, 2.99) * 1.50 (0.86, 2.65)
PBB Tertile 3 (9.0-1744.0) (n=38/80, 118) 1.76 (1.00, 3.10) ** 2.06 (1.12, 3.79) ** 1.69 (0.94, 3.05) *
PCB exposure level (range in ppb)
(n=below/above cut point and total)
Unadjusted RR (95% CI) for
birthweight <3232 grams1
Adjusted RR (95% CI) for
birthweight <3232 grams3
Adjusted RR (95% CI) for
birthweight <3232 grams
including BMI5
PCB Tertile 1 (<LOD-5.0) (n=19/72, 91) 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (referent) 1.00 (referent)
PCB Tertile 2 (6.0-8.0) (n=34/74, 108) 1.73 (0.94, 3.18) * 1.47 (0.79, 2.75) 1.24 (0.68, 2.25)
PCB Tertile 3 (9.0-85.0) (n=29/68, 97) 1.68 (0.92, 3.09) * 1.34 (0.70, 2.54) 1.21 (0.66, 2.24)

RR=risk ratio, CI=confidence interval

1

Model adjusted for offspring born to the same father

2

Model adjusted for offspring born to the same father, maternal PBB concentration, offspring gestational age and sex, paternal age at offspring birth, paternal age at PBB exposure, and paternal education

3

Model adjusted for offspring born to the same father, maternal PCB concentration, offspring gestational age and sex, paternal age at offspring birth, and paternal education

4

Sensitivity analysis adjusted for offspring born to the same father, maternal PBB concentration, offspring gestational age and sex, paternal age at offspring birth, paternal age at PBB exposure, paternal education, and paternal BMI

5

Sensitivity analysis adjusted for offspring born to the same father, maternal PCB concentration, offspring gestational age and sex, paternal age at offspring birth, paternal education, and paternal BMI

*

p<0.1

**

p<0.05