Table 2.
Ambulatory blood pressure parameters between the cognitive dysfunction group and the normal group
| Characteristics of blood pressure | Overall (n = 383) |
Cognitive dysfunction group (n = 224) | Normal group (n = 159) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Circadian rhythm of blood pressure—no. (%) | ||||
| Abnormal* | 337(85.8%) | 211(94.2%) | 116(73.0%) | < 0.001a |
| Dippers | 56(14.6%) | 13(5.8%) | 43(27.0%) | < 0.001a |
| Extreme-dippers | 4(1.0%) | 2(0.9%) | 2(1.3%) | |
| Non-dippers | 183(47.8%) | 105(46.9%) | 78(49.1%) | |
| Reverse-dippers | 140(36.6%) | 104(46.4%) | 36(22.6%) | |
| 24hmSBP, Mean (SD)—mmHg | 136.97 ± 19.77 | 137.17 ± 19.30 | 136.69 ± 20.47 | 0.818b |
| 24hmDBP, Mean (SD)—mmHg | 73.91 ± 12.23 | 72.04 ± 11.64 | 76.53 ± 12.60 | < 0.001b |
| 24hSBP-SD, Mean (SD)—mmHg | 16.72 ± 4.52 | 16.71 ± 4.74 | 16.72 ± 4.21 | 0.979b |
| 24hDBP-SD, Mean (SD)—mmHg | 11.36 ± 3.75 | 10.95 ± 3.92 | 11.93 ± 3.44 | 0.011b |
| dmSBP, Mean (SD)—mmHg | 137.89 ± 20.08 | 137.18 ± 19.84 | 138.89 ± 20.45 | 0.413b |
| dmDBP, Mean (SD)—mmHg | 74.78 ± 12.81 | 72.44 ± 11.81 | 78.09 ± 13.45 | < 0.001b |
| nmSBP, Mean (SD)—mmHg | 135.12 ± 21.35 | 137.72 ± 20.33 | 131.47 ± 22.27 | 0.005b |
| nmDBP, Mean (SD)—mmHg | 71.70 ± 12.48 | 70.87 ± 12.07 | 72.87 ± 12.98 | 0.122b |
Abbreviations: SD Standard deviation, 24hmSBP 24-hour mean systolic blood pressure, 24hmDBP 24-hour mean diastolic blood pressure, 24hSBP-SD 24-hour mean standard deviation of systolic blood pressure, 24hDBP-SD 24-hour mean standard deviation of diastolic blood pressure, dmSBP Daytime mean systolic blood pressure, dmDBP Daytime mean diastolic blood pressure, nmSBP Nighttime mean systolic blood pressure, nmDBP Nighttime mean diastolic blood pressure
aAnalyzed by chi-squared test
bAnalyzed by independent sample T-test
*Defined as the sum of extreme-dippers, non-dippers and reverse-dippers