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. 2023 Jan 26;12:1118675. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1118675

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Copyright © 2023 Phang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Metabolic Pathways for proline and hydroxyproline. Proline and hydroxyproline are metabolized by distinct dehydrogenases, the products are pyrroline-5-carboxylate and OH-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, respectively. Proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and Hydroxyproline dehydrogenase (PRODH2) are distinct gene products but both are bound to mitochondrial inner membranes and donate electrons to FAD at site II. PCDH is in mitochondrial matrix and converts P5C and OH-P5C to glutamate and OH-glutamate, respectively. Both P5C and OH-P5C can be recycled to proline and hydroxyproline, respectively by generic PYCR. Since 3 isozymes of PYCR are known, preferential affinity of the isozymes for P5C and OH-P5C has not been defined. Competition between P5C and OH-P5C for PYCR1-3 and for PCDH has not been examined.