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. 2023 Feb 15:1–27. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s40821-023-00240-9

Table 5.

Impact of HR slack on profitability and moderating role of BG affiliation after the CEM procedure

GPM is the dependent variable Model 1 Model 2
Coef. St. Error Coef. St. Error
BG affiliation -0.005 *** 0.001 -0.005 *** 0.001
SME -0.002 *** 0.001 -0.002 *** 0.001
Lagged HR slack -0.004 0.009 0.027 0.027
Lagged HR slack² 0.000 0.000 -0.008 *** 0.003
BG affiliation * Lagged HR slack -0.026 0.028
BG affiliation * Lagged HR slack² 0.008 *** 0.003
SME * Lagged HR slack 0.040 0.039
SME * Lagged HR slack² -0.007 * 0.004
Lagged GPM 0.883 *** 0.002 0.883 *** 0.002
Lagged Age 0.001 *** 0.000 0.001 *** 0.000
Lagged Tangibility 0.002 *** 0.000 0.002 *** 0.000
Lagged Financial slack 0.003 *** 0.001 0.003 *** 0.001
Lagged Financial slack² 0.006 0.004 0.006 0.004
Lagged Recoverable slack -0.013 *** 0.002 -0.013 *** 0.002
Lagged Recoverable slack² -0.003 0.003 -0.003 0.003
Lagged Potential slack 0.010 *** 0.001 0.010 *** 0.001
Lagged Potential slack² 0.008 0.005 0.008 0.005
Lagged Mean industry GPM 0.116 *** 0.003 0.116 *** 0.003
Lagged Number of competitors 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Lagged Mean size of competitors 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Lagged Industry complexity 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.002
Constant -0.001 0.003 -0.001 0.003
Industry, year, and regional fixed effects YES YES
Number of observations 288,621 288,621
0.904 0.904
 F statistics 4292.71 *** 4301.00 ***

Standard errors are robust and clustered at the firm-level. ***, **, and * denote statistical significance at the 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 levels respectively.