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. 2023 Feb 15:1–27. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s40821-023-00240-9

Table 6.

Impact of HR slack on profitability and moderating role of BG affiliation using a predicted value approach

GPM is the dependent variable Model 1 Model 2
Coef. St. Error Coef. St. Error
BG affiliation -0.005 *** 0.001 -0.005 *** 0.001
SME -0.002 *** 0.001 -0.002 *** 0.001
Lagged HR slack -0.009 0.009 0.029 0.020
Lagged HR slack² 0.000 0.000 -0.008 *** 0.002
BG affiliation * Lagged HR slack -0.035 0.022
BG affiliation * Lagged HR slack² 0.008 *** 0.002
SME * Lagged HR slack 0.042 0.027
SME * Lagged HR slack² -0.007 ** 0.003
Lagged GPM 0.883 *** 0.002 0.883 *** 0.002
Lagged Age 0.001 *** 0.000 0.001 *** 0.000
Lagged Tangibility 0.002 *** 0.000 0.002 *** 0.000
Lagged Financial slack 0.005 *** 0.001 0.005 *** 0.001
Lagged Financial slack² 0.007 ** 0.003 0.007 ** 0.003
Lagged Recoverable slack -0.013 *** 0.001 -0.013 *** 0.001
Lagged Recoverable slack² -0.006 ** 0.003 -0.006 ** 0.003
Lagged Potential slack 0.010 *** 0.001 0.010 *** 0.001
Lagged Potential slack² 0.009 ** 0.004 0.009 ** 0.004
Lagged Mean industry GPM 0.116 *** 0.002 0.116 *** 0.002
Lagged Number of competitors 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Lagged Mean size of competitors 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Lagged Industry complexity 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001
Constant 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.002
Industry, year, and regional fixed effects YES YES
Number of observations 422,874 422,874
0.901 0.901
 F statistics 5838.54 *** 5841.46 ***

Standard errors are robust and clustered at the firm-level. ***, **, and * denote statistical significance at the 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 levels respectively.